Volume 15 ; Issue 1 ; in Month : (2022) Article No : 126
Archana, Rajan Kumar and Vijay Singh

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease is an inflammation or swelling in the gastrointestinal tract which can be of two types namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. IBD causes inflammation of the stomach, small intestine, and colon. More than three million Americans have IBD. Although children are often diagnosed with IBD during adolescence, IBD can be diagnosed at any age. Boys and girls are both as likely to be diagnosed. The prevalence and incidence of IBD in the world is increasing, especially in developed countries. Treatment with medications like anti-inflammatory drugs, immune suppressors, biologics etc are the first therapeutic option. The main goals of medical treatment are to achieve remission (the absence of symptoms), maintain remission (prevent flare-ups of symptoms) and improve quality of life. Prebiotics are a selectively fermented ingredient that results in specific changes in the composition and activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon host health. Prebiotics are generally found in different food sources, such as chicory, chia seeds, dandelion greens, flaxseeds, onion, garlic, almonds, artichoke, oats, barley, and many other plants, although they can also be synthesized via enzymatic digestion of complex polysaccharides. Indeed, there is a growing interest in the hypothesis that the gut dysbiosis can be related to the immune alteration associated with IBD, and most of the literature regarding the use of prebiotics in GI disorders explore their efficacy in IBD patients. It has been demonstrated that commensal microbiota is able to protect mucosa from inflammation by decreasing intestinal permeability and increasing epithelial defence mechanisms. This review articles summarises the current understanding of inflammatory bowel disease and role of prebiotics in the treatment and management of the disease.

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